Gene Therapy for Alzheimers Disease

Gene Therapy for Alzheimers Disease Imagine that in fifty years, people no longer fear forgetting how to make a sandwich, driving to the store without getting lost, or no longer recognizing loved ones; thats a future people can look forward to when Alzheimers disease has been eradicated by gene therapy. Alzheimers is a type of dementia that affects people worldwide as well as those who love them. Gene therapy, the transplantation of normal genes into cells to replace defective ones, is a promising treatment for correcting the underlying causes of the disease instead of just controlling its horrendous symptoms. Alzheimers is a disease for which there is currently no cure. Symptoms of the disease include problems remembering newly learned information, confusion, memory loss, behavioral changes and much more (Alzheimers). Currently available treatments only help to delay the progression of symptoms and improve the quality of life for those it affects. It is imperative that progress be made in treating the disease considering that Alzheimers is the most common form of dementia, accounting for between sixty to eighty percent of dementia cases, affecting over forty million people worldwide, and being the sixth main cause of death in the United States (Brazier, 2016). However, in order to be effective in combating this degenerative brain disease, researchers must first understand the underlying causes. Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine as well as in the United Kingdom have found a protein fragment that they believe is a factor in causing Alzheimers: the beta-amyloid protein, AB. AB by itself is not detrimental to the health of the human brain; however, when the concentration of AB in the brain increases, the protein begins destroying synapses before clumping into plaques that ultimately lead to nerve cell death (Goldman, 2013). Scientists at Stanford found that as long as AP is in its soluble form it can travel freely in the brain without negative consequences. However, in its insoluble, clustered form, called plaques, AB can bind to receptors on nerve cells, starting a process that erodes the synaptic connections between cells (Goldman, 2013). AB is generated by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, APP, by the enzyme B-secretase. It was found, in research conducted by S. Herbert, et. al., that the expression of the enzyme B-secretase is Alzheimers patients than in people without Alzheimers. B-secretase is the rate determining step in the production of AB, therefore a reduction in the expression of B-secretase is expected to reduce AB concentration in the brain and maintain a harmless, soluble level, and thus destructive plaques will not be created. Researchers began to develop a new gene therapy that could prevent the accumulation of AB in the brain. The discovery that the PPARy-coactivator-1a, PGC-1a, gene, whose expression is reduced in Alzheimers patients, regulates the transcription of B-secretase (Katsouri, 2016), allowed researchers to start working on a gene therapy to increase PGC-1a expression, thereby reducing B-secretase in the brain. Using mice as models of Alzheimers, researchers experimented with creating a lentiviral vector to express PGC-1a and replace damaged genes with healthy ones in patients brain cells. The mice, called APP23 mice, were bred to develop AB plaques in their brains that increase in size as they age, similar to the way AB plaques in Alzheimers patients behave (Katsouri, 2016). The similarities between the brains of these mice and those of Alzheimers patients allowed the researchers to experiment with the lentiviral vector they developed and observed the effect the ehalthy gene had on the brains of the mice. It was found that, four months after the injection of the PGC-1a carrying lentiviral vector, the mice showed remarkable improvement in spatial and recognition memory as well as significant reduction in AB deposition and B-secretase expression (Katsouri, 2016). The researchers also found that the treatment had neuroprotective effects and helped to preserve neurons and synapses that, without treatment, were being destroyed. Based on the results they observed, L. Katsouri, et. al., were able to conclude that selective induction of PGC-1a in specific areas of the brain is effective in targeting Alzheimers-related neurodegeneration and holds great potential as a therapeutic threatment for this disease. Unlocking the genetic code has been one of the greatest scientific advancements of this age. Treatments such as gene therapy can be used to treat many of the maladies we face and the importance of research in this field cannot be overstated. Utilizing gene therapy, Alzheimers may no longer cause trepidation as we age. Citations/References: Alzheimers Association. (n.d.). Alzheimers Disease Dementia. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.as Brazier, Y. (2016, October 11). Gene therapy could prevent Alzheimers, study suggests. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313412.php Herbert, S. S., Horre, K., Nicolai, L., Papadopoulou, A. S., Mandemakers, W., Silahtaroglu, A. N., . . . Strooper, B. D. (2008). Loss of microRNA cluster miR-29a/b-1 in sporadic Alzheimers disease correlates with increased BACE1/ -secretase expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(17), 6415-6420. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710263105 Goldman, B. (2013, September 19). Scientists reveal how beta-amyloid may cause Alzheimers. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2013/09/scientists-reveal-how-beta-amyloid-may-cause-alzheimers.html Katsouri, L., Lim, Y. M., Blondrath, K., Eleftheriadou, I., Lombardero, L., Birch, A.M., . . . Sastre, M. (2016). PPARy-coactivator-1a gene transfer reduces neuronal loss and amyloid-B generation by reducing B-secretase in an Alzheimers disease model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(43), 12292-12297. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1606171113

Slumdog Millionaire Analysis

The film †Slumdog Millionare† tells a compelling story of an eighteen year old Indian boy from the dirty slums of Mumbai who manages to cash in the main prize of the TV-show †Who wants to be a millionaire?† Combined with the directing of Danny Boyle and co-direction from Indian Lovleen Tandan, this 2008 movie is a great mash up between Hollywood and Bollywood. The film based on Vikars Swarup’s novel tells a dramatic and romantic story with a twist of humour through a set of very cogent actors. The protagonist of this movie is eighteen year old â€Å"slumdog† Jamal Malik. Taking Jamal’s past in consideration, it’s highly unlikely that an uneducated boy from the Mumbai slums is able to reach the final question of â€Å"Who want’s to be a millionaire?† Some people aren’t happy with this, and he is being accused for deceit. This is primarily what we are being introduced to in the opening scene, and it starts off with Jamal being interrogated and tortured by suspicious minds who think he has cheated. The story then flashes back in time to the day he participated on the TV show. Shortly after the story takes a leap back to his childhood, where Jamal and his brother, Salim, and some friend are running away from Indian officers for playing of private property. Throughout the movie we unravel more stories of his life, which ultimately helps him win the main prize. As Jamal continues to answer questions, he looks back at his childhood. We soon find out that Jamal’s mother is killed and that Jamal is forced to live on the streets with his brother, Salim. During their stay at the reckless streets of Mumbai they meet a girl named Latika. The three of them is then later discovered by a man who runs an orphanage where they get shelter and food, in return the children is sent out on the streets during the day to collect money as beggars. As it turns out the man is not as nice as he appears to be and Jamal and Salim manages to escape, unwillingly leaving Latika behind. Once again Jamal and Salim are back on the streets. As the story progresses Jamal is portrayed as a person who never gives up on what he sets out to do. In this context, it’s his quest to find the love of his life, Latika. His love for her sets him out on a life experiencing journey which finally places him in the seat of â€Å"Who wants to be a millionaire?† His brother, Salim on the other hand is portrayed as a more dynamic person. In fact he is quite unreliable, he is not an evil person, but his selfishness and hunger for money and control hurts the ones around him, tearing him apart from his own brother and rescinding their connection. As stated earlier there are flashbacks in this movie, in fact the flashbacks are present throughout the whole movie. The fascinating thing about this though is how cleverly the directors have combined two stories running parallel to each other, making them crash together during the end and creating the present. This leaves the viewer curious how Jamal will answer the final question in an exciting and creative way. Through clever camera use and light setting, the film has an intriguing feeling to it. There is a lot of shifting between warm colours and dark colours, the latter mostly used in dramatic and scenes shot during the night. The warm colours on the other hand create a feeling of heat which fits perfectly to the setting. Also the music plays a big role in setting the mood of the film. The use of Indian music especially furthers the intriguing feeling. Focusing on camera use, it’s interesting to see the way the directors shot scenes from a children’s point of view during the flashback scenes from Jamal’s childhood. This gives the viewer a feeling that the children are small compared to the big wide world. Furthermore a lot of close-up shots are used during conversations which give the viewer the ability to see more detailed facial expressions which is something that pulls the viewer more in to the story. Also worth mentioning is the contrast we see of the wealthy parts of India compared the poor parts through the use of camera. For example we get an overview from the Mumbai slum during one of the flashbacks; this really helps stating that India has had an enormous economic growth during recent years. In my eyes the film creates a message that’s telling you to never let go of your goals, and to be optimistic and focused. Just because someone grew up with a poor and tough childhood, it does not mean that this person have a lesser intellect life or is worth less than you. Anything is possible, with good dose luck. Subliminally I think this movie also wants to show off India’s present economic situation compared to a decade ago and how India’s wealth has increased. Personally I really enjoyed watching this film, one of the main reasons for that is the way the story is laid out. It makes it exciting and it also blows some new life in to the well know â€Å"Who wants to be a millionaire?† It is certainly not the first thing I would have thought making a movie about. The fact that behind every question there is a story is quite exciting and it leaves me waiting for the next turn. On this foundation, I strongly recommend this movie to everyone.

Hip Hop Music And Its Effects Essay - 1984 Words

Many individuals associate the art of Hip-Hop music with drug abuse, explicit sex, senseless violence, gang activity, misogyny, crime, and luxurious lifestyles. Hip-Hop was constructed as a form of artistic expression among many underprivileged African American communities during the late 1970s. Due to the many systemic racial barriers that limited many individuals of color from possessing resources, these individuals created a platform that allowed them to express their frustrations. The popularity of hip-hop music rapidly expanded, but as time progressed, the intent and purpose of the music would become distorted and altered. Hip-Hop music served as a reflection of the realities that existed in many impoverished communities. Drugs, lack of resources, extremely high crime rates, and poverty were extensively present within such communities, providing individuals within these communities to express these issues to individuals outside of their communities. Hip-Hop music has seemingly b ecame a mechanism that provided impoverished communities a voice that would be heard by the masses of society. High rates of poverty, lack of educational resources, and unavailability of jobs have seemingly forced many women of color into criminal activities in the attempt to gain some sort of economic stability. Such acts, particularly prostitution, become an economic threshold for impoverished women, providing them with the idea that this will improve their socioeconomic status. With suchShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hip Hop Music On Society2876 Words   |  12 PagesMaria Hofman Enc 1102 22 July 2015 Negative Effects Of Hip Hop Music in Society Music is a powerful form of sound that affects our emotional state. However it is not the only kind of sound that affects the emotions; for example the sound of the waves and birds. Music has been around since the beginning of civilization. Music was used to tell myths, religious stories, and warrior tales. Since the beginning of civilization music has greatly progressed. Music still tells a story, we now just have manyRead MoreThe Effects Of Hip Hop Music On Adolescents862 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Hip-Hop Music on Adolescents Music is a significant part of the lives of most people all over the world. In the United States, people listen to more than 25 hours each week [1]. Hip-hop makes up a large percentage of adolescent music genre preference. It goes without saying that this overwhelming presence of music in the lives of so many people will have a psychological effect on American culture and our way of life. But how exactly is Hip Hop affecting us psychologically and culturallyRead MoreHip Hop Music And Its Effect On People1130 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music is described as, â€Å"a subculture especially of inner-city youths who are typically devotees of rap music†. (Merriam.com) Hip hop music is one of the most listened to genres in history. Hip hop music started in the mid 1900’s, but some say that it started much earlier. Many people today would argue that Hip Hop is disgraceful now a days, and that it has no positive message given. Me personally I would agree since the days have c hanged. I could argue that music as a whole has changed andRead MoreRap Hop And Hip Hop Culture1550 Words   |  7 PagesMost hip hop songs and videos have lyrics and scenes that demean and humiliate women. Showing scenes of violence to women, demeaning them and depicting them as sex objects or subjects of submission to men is Misogyny. Present also is brutality against women descriptions. There have been voluminous scholars talking about it yet the argument is unquenched. Misogyny in hip hop society has its core deep in the American ethos, and it has its outcome on the same nation. Misogyny in songs is taking ringRead MoreRap Music : Hip Hop Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesRap, or hip hop as some call it, ranks in the top ten of most popular music genres in the world. Since it burst on the scene in the late 1970s, rap music changed the landscape of the music industry, especially for African-American artists. The genre accredited some of the biggest names in the music industry. Pop ular artists like LL Cool J, Tupac, Notorious B. I. G., Jay-Z, Kanye West, and many others produce, or have produced, millions of hip-hop records. The secret to the success of hip hop centersRead MoreThe Hip Hop Generation And Its Impact On Society1371 Words   |  6 PagesDominiquie Gray English- 102 Argumentative Essay 6 December 2015 The Hip Hop Generation and its Impact on Society. Throughout history, Hip Hop has manifest into more than a simple form of life, but as a powerful cultural movement. Hip Hop plays a major part in African American culture, dialogue, fashion, and self expression. Today, Hip Hop has a joined people of many nationalities, races, and ethnicities as a society. The Hip Hop Generation has begun to redefine African American cultural normsRead MoreHip-Hop’s Beneficial Influences on Teens1081 Words   |  5 PagesHip-Hop’s Beneficial Influences Hip Hop is a genre of music that was born around 70’s. This type of music doesn’t really involve singing but words that are spoken. Hip Hop is in a poetic form with simple phrases and it usually has end rhyme. The music genre known as Hip-Hop produces positive effects on teenagers of this generation. Hip Hop is this great form of music that is very much poetic and almost hypnotizing. It uses old classics of music that people already love and throws funky loopedRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of incontestable urban-playboy bragging. â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† was not the first single but, it is generally considered to be the song that made hip hop in the United States popularRead MoreEssay on The Globalization of Hip Hop Music1498 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Wikipedia, Hip-hop music, also called rap music, is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly ac companies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, breaking/dancing, and graffiti writing. Hip hop is also characterized by these other elements: sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing. Hip hop music developed from partyRead MoreHip-Hop Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 15, 2012 The Positives and Negatives of Hip-Hop In Geoffrey Bennett’s essay titled, â€Å"Hip-Hop: A Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment,† he speaks about the positive and negative effects that hip-hop has on the Black Community. Bennett goes all the way to the beginning of hip-hop, which he says took place in the early 1980s with rappers such as Run DMC, Public Enemy, Sugar Hill Gang and many others. The author then speaks about how hip-hop grew not only in the young black African American

Teaching Styles For Student Understanding And Creative...

Much like teaching styles’ adaptability, teachers must accommodate and adapt their teaching to ensure student understanding and creative thought. Through tactical teaching styles that adapted and fitted the students, students were able to understand and learn to the best of their abilities when taught by Mrs. Graham and her colleagues. Needing diverse styles to appeal to them, students need teachers to create creative and interactive ways to make the lessons seem interesting and relatable in their lives. Even at the early beginnings of the school day, the Mount Olive Middle School students seemed interested with majority of the students staying engaged for the entirety of the lesson. They showed their interest and comfortableness in the classroom by asking questions that related to the topic that interested them or in some cases, confused them. They were able to express their ideas, and Mrs. Graham would expand based on what the students answered to explain further the topics of discussion. Due to these previously established inviting environments, students felt secure and comfortable enough to share their thoughts inside the different classrooms. During the time in the classes where the students were able to unleash their creative sides and participate in the class, they really seemed excited to learn during my observations. Especially during their scary story narratives, the students really responded well to be able to come up with their own stories and discuss writingShow MoreRelatedEce Developmentally Appropriate Practice818 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment #1 Developmentally Appropriate Practice When trying to come up with my teaching philosophy, I quickly realized that â€Å"one size fits all† teaching is not for me. 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In contrast, traditional educatorsRead MoreCreative Writing As A Tool For Enhancing Algerian Efl1441 Words   |  6 PagesCreative writing in EFL: Creative writing has begun to gain its popularity in the field of EFL/ ESL. This issue is recently mostly intrigued the interest of many countries including, United Kingdom, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand, Ireland, United States and south Africa (Google Trends, 2015). Alan Maley is considered as one of the pioneers in the field of teaching creative writing in EFL settings. He, in fact, has numerous scholarly articles on creative writingRead MoreIssues in Teaching Writing1351 Words   |  6 Pagesbe a tool one can use in their own way to express themselves. Many teachers have their own approaches to teaching writing and not to say that they are not effective I just feel that if some people change their approach some of the problems I myself see can be changed by a change in the approach to teaching and assessing writing. Some issues I see are students not being exposed to different styles of writing, their writing assignments challenge their knowledge and remembrance instead of their analyticalRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pages Individuals who guide others in learning essential information concepts needed to sustain a daily living are known as teachers or educators. Becoming an educator and teaching future generations i s more than a career choice, it is a calling that requires an immense amount of passion, preparedness and keeping an open mind. In this statement, I will explain the influence that immediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of educationRead MoreCollegiate Education Is An Integral Part Of The Formation Of Future Successful Adults1487 Words   |  6 PagesTraditionally, the style of education that is received by college students is lecture-based. A professor stands in front of a large classroom presented various facts with little to no participation by students. In recent years, however, there has been a shift in some universities towards a more involved, participatory style of teaching that incorporates a discussion-based classroom setting. These classrooms have been noted to lead to a much more diverse and individually successful learner. Students in thisRead MoreDevelopment Of Creative Learning And Innovative Teac hing Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesto discuss the changed learning patterns and needs of their students. 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And, if they themselves are involved in the education system, do not see art as an importance to the education ofRead MoreThe Relationship Between Intelligence And Its Effect On An Individual s Education1431 Words   |  6 Pagesnurturing of intelligence, over having a fixed mindset. Understanding the effects of the two mindsets on an individual’s education helps us to discern why fostering a growth mindset promotes intelligence and greater success in learning in comparison to a fixed mindset and the traditional view of intelligence. A growth mindset is described by Carol Dweck as a mindset where an individual believes that through effort, effective teaching and practice, they can enhance their abilities, talents,Read MoreMy Goal As A Teacher800 Words   |  4 Pagesencourage and challenge students as they develop their learning skills. Teaching young intellects is a significant undertaking and will not be taken casually. It is a position that is filled with many frustrations, challenges and responsibilities. However, it is a job that is also very rewarding full of pleasure, admiration and excitement. Every child possesses the ability to learn by their very own style. As a result, it is imperative to learn each student s learning style, interests and aversions

My Experience At High School Essay - 2399 Words

†¢ Describe any volunteer, extracurricular activities, or work experience in which you are or have been involved in the past two years. For the past two years, I have kept in touch with former high school teachers. During high school I worked as student teacher assistants and enjoyed going back to help former teachers with any paperwork they wanted help with. At community college, I have been more involved in helping students with their education goals and share any information I have in the majors I have looked into and what are the best courses to take. I liked having new students with advice from a student’s perspective in what courses to take before transferring. I have had students who wanted to apply to Chaffey College and given them the education plans I picked up from the resource rooms. Friends who were finished with high school but were unsure about college and others who have previously dropped out of college but want to hear how they can get back on track. I encourage students to attend the tutoring and guidance resources offered in campus by announcing to my classes if there are tutoring options f or their classes. More recently, I with a group of individuals have got an instructor to help initiate a club on campus. I was thrilled to hear that an instructor was willing to help and start the Psychology Club. It brings me satisfaction knowing I was a part of starting a club that will help other students who wish to major in psychology. I was aware that psychologyShow MoreRelatedMy Experience In High School952 Words   |  4 Pages High school is a time where young minded teenagers are encouraged to explore their interests and what type of character they want to become when graduation rolls in. My high school experience was an interesting time with choices that have changed my life and some that I wish I could take back. Looking back at my high school career there were some moments where I made the correct choice and some that I wish didnt happen at all. A choice I made at the age of seventeen reminds me of how foolish andRead MoreMy High School Experience1016 Words   |  5 PagesHigh school is an educational and eye-opening place for adolescents and young adults, and is ultimately the last checkpoint some people have before they transition into the adult world. After high school, students are often expected to completely fend for themselves. The transition for many students is complicated and confusing. For this reason, one series of high school experiences I have had that stick out clearly in my mind as a step away from my childish behaviors to my more adult-like ones areRead MoreMy High School Experience1060 Words   |  5 PagesHigh school can be a difficult journey in one’s life. Teenagers create drama, teachers stress out students with an abundance of homework, and sometimes procrastination defeats the high schoolers will to get work done. Despite all of that, high school is great; one must look at the little moments, the fun times, and the friends throughout. Arnold Spirit, Jr. had an atypical freshman year in Sherman Alexie’s novel â€Å"The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian,† and taught many lessons throughoutRead MoreMy Experience At High School862 Words   |  4 PagesMy mom and I were driving home from my club volleyball practice when I broke down in tears due to stress. High school class registration was coming up and I still had no idea whether or not I wanted to do band or volleyball in high school. Being a 14 year old in 8th grade, I nev er thought that I would have to make such a colossal decision that would affect my life forever. I only had 2 more days to decide how I would present myself in the new world of high school popularity, and I had no idea whetherRead MoreMy Experience At High School991 Words   |  4 Pagesimprovement throughout my school experience. I’ve learned how to break a lot of bad studying habits I had in high school and taught myself how to become a better student with new studying mechanisms, time management, and how to balance all my classes out equally. Every semester is a new chance to improve on how to become a more successful student. High school were four years of my life that I had a lack of motivation to do school work, I didn’t put as much effort into learning. My studying habits wouldRead MoreMy Experience At High School849 Words   |  4 PagesThe experiences I have gained during these long four years of high school have shaped me into the young adult I am. I have had to learn many lessons about myself and friends. Many failures have had to be taken in stride, and I am glad to say that I overcome and dealt with them all in the name of evolution. Many of the hardest lessons I have had to learn about myself, I learned them in Terry High School. I was used to being able to excel easily, and this was not the case all of the time in my highRead MoreMy Experience At High School1296 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduated high school and I was still seventeen. I had applied to colleges throughout my senior year just to show my parents that I was doing it. I honestly had no idea what I wanted to do after high school, which was my first change. There are unlimited paths to take once you graduate high school, I did not know which one was for me. I had friends who all had a path they wanted to go down and accomplish, and most of them to this day are still on that path. 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Before going to my first day at high school though, I had my first day somewhere else: Millstone trails, where I would spend much of my next four years after school running for cross country practice. I hadRead MoreMy Experience At High School918 Words   |  4 Pagesremember being in elementary sc hool watching, â€Å"That’s So Raven,† on Disney Channel, wishing I was already in high school like Raven so I can have the same pleasurable experiences as she did. As I grew older and wiser, I realized â€Å"That’s So Raven,† was a fantasy and life is not that easy. Although I had challenges throughout my academic journey; my successes did outweigh my failures. One of the greatest achievements I think a student should have is graduating high school. On Saturday May 16, 2015,

Saddam Hussein Free Essays

Counterterrorism refers to all the practices, tactics or methods that are being used by the government, especially the military, to combat terrorism. The basic idea behind counterterrorism is to defend the state from the occurrence of terror as well as to make offensive moves to solve the said conflict. It does not only apply on one specific organization since it could also entail other entities from various field of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Saddam Hussein or any similar topic only for you Order Now One appropriate example to this would be the situation wherein local police, firefighters and emergency medical personnel have their own plans of handling terrorism since they are the so-called â€Å"first responders† on the occurrence of the said situation. Moreover, ways that could prevent the occurrence of terrorism is also a part of the definition of what a counterterrorism is. The reason behind why I defined first what is meant by counterterrorism is for us to be able to avoid confusion regarding the definition of counterterrorism and to guide us through out this entire paper. Now, based from the given definition, it clearly states that counterterrorism is a tactic or method in order to fight and prevent terrorism. Crime fighting, on the other hand, is defined as the ways of the police, courts and corrections by which they could prevent the individuals from committing misdemeanor and violating laws and ordinances. In short, terrorism involves greater number of threatened individuals as compared to just a mere crime. Moreover, there is a more threat to the national security when terrorism is the one being considered, whereas crimes only involves fewer stakeholders and imposes less threat to the national security of the country (Kupsak, 1993, p. 1). Since counterterrorism is designed to address the issues that imposes negative effects to the national security of the country, then, crime fighting would not be enough if it would go to be used as a means of solving national scale problems. Through this, there exist government agencies that focus on answering and preventing the existence of terrorism in their designated area of responsibility like the FBI (Billy, 2007, p. 1). Due Process There is a very thick difference between the due process for a person who allegedly committed terrorism as compared to a person who’s been charged with a crime. Therefore, it is very important of the government officials to successfully identify if whether a certain act could already be considered as terrorism or a crime to facilitate the appropriate justice system for the said dilemmas. As for the due process for a person that is charged with a crime, it is stated in law that a person is entitled to exercise his right that are protected by the criminal justice system based from the due process of the model. In other words, they could still exercise the basic rights of the normal person until he/she was proven guilty with the crime that was filed to the accused (Brimelow, 2000, p. 1). Moreover, under the due process model, the individual that is arrested is still being considered innocent from the crime that is being alleged to him/her. On the other hand, regarding the due process for those individuals who allegedly committed terrorism, based from the USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001, those persons who are being suspected by the government to be a terrorist would be subject to surveillance and almost all of the personal information of the alleged person should be disclose to the government to check the â€Å"credibility† of the person. In short, most of the human rights of the alleged terrorist would be violated especially the right to have privacy (Trandahl, 2001, p. 14). All of the sensitive information of the person would be put into study and subject to be monitored. Moreover, if the terrorist is a country, the US government could declare a war whenever they want depending on the decision of the US Congress regarding this matter since they are the one who has the power to pronounce war. Implications When a terrorist is characterized as an enemy, basically the rights of the terrorists are already being taken into consideration and it is up to the Executives of the government on what to do on the terrorist. There are a lot of instances wherein terrorists are being detained for a long period of time in places not suitable to serve as a detention area, like camps or military headquarters without undergoing to court’s decision. The president of the United States or any person from various department of the government has enough mandates make its decision regarding the terrorist’s condition especially during the times of armed wars and other forms of wars wherein the â€Å"terrorists† plays a major role in the said war. Moreover, when a terrorist is considered an enemy, it is just tantamount to having war especially if there involves another country in the case. For example, in the case of Iraq and US, due to the possible terrorisms that Saddam Hussein could impose not only in US but also to its neighboring nations and the numerous cases of terrorisms that occurred in US which Saddam Hussein allegedly served as the master mind are the grounds to force United States to declared war against the Iraqi government. When a person is tagged as an enemy, it would mean that that person is of great threat for the country being concerned. On the other hand, if a terrorist is can be characterized as a mere criminal, then, he/she could undergo a court proceedings which somehow allow the â€Å"terrorist† to exercise his/her right until he/she is proven guilty. Moreover, the degree of the punishment, as compared to when a terrorist is considered to be an enemy, is lesser since basic human rights of the accused person are still being taken into consideration in determining the penalty that will be imposed to the accused person. REFERENCES Billy, J. (2007). Counterterrorism. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. fbi. gov/terrorinfo/counterrorism/waronterrorhome. htm Brimelow, P. (2000). The Death of Due Process. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. vdare. com/pb/death_of_due_process. htm Kupsak, G. (1993). Crime Fighting Cooperation. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. lib. niu. edu/ipo/1993/im931109. html Trandahl, J. (2001). H. R. 3162. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www. epic. org/privacy/terrorism/hr3162. pdf How to cite Saddam Hussein, Papers Saddam Hussein Free Essays Very few political leaders of the modern world can stand up to a comparison with Nazi Germany’s Hitler. Saddam Hussein was one who certainly didn’t have to try too hard. Considering the painful beginnings he has had, Saddam Hussein had gone a long way in proving himself as a leader the world will not forget soon. We will write a custom essay sample on Saddam Hussein or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hussein had his strengths, convictions and the will to win, all of which worked in his selfish favor. However, contained in these very traits were his veiled weaknesses which ultimately led to his unceremonious ending. One may need a comprehensive overview of Saddam Hussein’s personality traits to render an understanding of what thrived underneath all his brutalities. The dark contours of Saddam’s temperament were etched before he was born on April 28, 1937, to his recently widowed mother, who was too distraught to be keen on having him. Spending his early years under the charge on his maternal uncle, Khyrallah, and later his mother and an abusive step-father, Saddam clearly did not have a conventional childhood, a fact that had a far reaching impact on his mental constitution. He grew up with a distorted self-esteem, which crippled his capacity for empathy with others and produced what has been described psychologically as ‘the wounded self’, a condition which, in Saddam’s case, let to strive for compensatory grandiosity, a steely resolve to never subject himself under a superior force (Post 2003, 2). Saddam’s was often referred to as the ‘mad man of the Middle-East’ equating him to a lunatic battling with psychotic disorders. However, according to Jerrold Post, there is no evidence that he had any such ailments. Rather, Saddam was a rational calculator who often miscalculates (Post 2003, 6). He was not an impulsive actor but rather was judicious and patient. All his inhuman actions then become all the more horrifying for they are results of delicate deliberation and planning. Saddam had a natural inclination for traumatizing his surroundings, from which he drew thrill and satisfaction. Saddam’s obsession with violence was the most terrifying side to his multi-faceted personality (Thomas 02). This obsession with violence certainly did not command accolades from his own people, many of whom have suffered untold miseries under his tyranny. Saddam’s personality traits adhere to the makings of what is called malignant narcissism (Post 2003, 6). He strived to exalt his personality by making Iraq an extension of his being. Also, to give him the religious sanctity that was essential to win over Islamic extremists, Saddam ordered Iraq’s genealogists to create a family line that links him to Fatima, the daughter of the prophet Mohammed (Thomas 02). He had elevated himself to the level that level of holiness where many religious minded people wouldn’t dare question his integrity and actions. Saddam had no constraints of conscience whatsoever. No question of morality ever crept into his mind as he went executing his ‘enemies’. Saddam also had an inherent unconstrained aggression, which he uses as an instrument to attain his goals. Force and violence were his only trusted weapons, and he never wavered to employ them. Saddam Hussein was also seen to have a strong paranoid orientation (Post 2003, 7). He always saw himself as surrounded by enemies for no good reason. Completely oblivious of his role in creating his own enemies, Saddam righteously eliminated his targets. This paranoia illustrates itself even in his conduct of foreign affairs, which let him to believe that Israel, The US and Iran have been in league with the purpose of eliminating him. Adding to these traits, Saddam was also burdened with certain vanities, which invariably would drive him to destructive behaviour. Underneath the vicious and terrifying persona, there was a side of him that was vulnerable and extremely egoistic. It is this political personality assemblage such as insatiable ambition for unlimited power, lack of conscience, unconstrained aggression, a paranoid outlook and obsession for violence which made Saddam the man the world loathed. It is also these very traits that sowed the seeds of his failure. How to cite Saddam Hussein, Papers

The Constitution Virginia And New Jersey free essay sample

The Constitution- Virginia And New Jersey # 8217 ; s Plans Essay, Research Paper In the late 1780s, outstanding political leaders in the United States came to recognize that the authorities created under the Articles of Confederation was uneffective and impractical and could non function a state in pull offing relationships among provinces nor handle foreign states. The fright of making a authorities that was excessively powerful was the footing for foundation of the Articles of Confederation. It created a weak national authorities that allowed for most of the power to be under the control of the province legislative assemblies. Under the Articles, Congress had no agencies to forestall war or security against foreign invasion. The federal authorities could non look into the wrangles between provinces or modulate interstate trade, cod revenue enhancements, enforce Torahs. These failings of the alliance distressed political leaders ; in response, they requested a gathering in order to revise the Articles and resuscitate the ailing state. We will write a custom essay sample on The Constitution Virginia And New Jersey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In May of 1787, representatives from each province gathered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to happen the agencies of turning the United States authorities into an efficient and powerful concern that conducted personal businesss in practical ways. The delegates meeting at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 were given uttered consent to change and revise the Articles of Confederation. With the exclusion of those from New Jersey and Virginia, the delegates intended to revise the Articles. One of 55 delegates, William Paterson and his co-workers Roger Sherman, Ellsworth, and Dickinson offered a list of suggestions for revising the Articles of Alliance in his New Jersey Plan. Paterson was a delegate from New Jersey who favored the weak national authorities that the Articles created. Patterson asserted the rights of the little provinces against the big provinces and wished to spread out upon the Articles doing a more practical and efficient authorities. The New Jersey Plan suggested the Congress maintain its unicameral house system, with provinces every bit represented. They proposed that the Congress would hold the power to modulate interstate trade and could have closely limited power to revenue enhancement. It besides called for a? federal Executive? with individuals appointed by Congress who could be removed on the petition of a bulk of the province governors. The New Jersey program besides allowed for a? federal Judiciary? with a individual ? supreme court? appointed by an executive. The New Jersey program offered a series of solutions to the turning concern that the authorities was excessively weak under the Articles. Patterson? s proposals were supported by those who discouraged a strong national authorities. Merely as Patterson created a program, James Madison created a program that offered solutions to the blemished Articles of Confederation. Prior to their reaching at the Philadelphia Convention, Madison and the other Virginian delegates formulated a revised papers that would extinguish the Articles of Confederation and make an wholly new papers. The Virginia Plan called for a stronger national authorities. The Plan would make a federal system with the being of two authoritiess, national and province, each given a certain sum of authorization. Under the Virginia Plan, the national authorities would hold the power to roll up its ain revenue enhancements and do and implement its ain Torahs. The authorities would dwell of three separate subdivisions, the legislative, the judicial and the executive. The legislative subdivision, under the Virginia Plan, was bicameral, with the figure of representatives in each house based on relative representation, or the figure of people in each province. The representatives of the lower house, or the House of Representatives, would be popularly elected and the representatives of the upper house, or Senate, would be chosen by the lower house. Congress would besides hold the power to veto any province jurisprudence in struggle with national jurisprudence, and to accept new provinces to the Union. In add-on, an Executive subdivision would hold the authorization to put to death national jurisprudence and the Judiciary subdivision would dwell of one or more supreme courts and of inferior courts. Both the Judiciary and the Executive subdivisions would be able to overrule and blackball Acts of the Apostless of Congress making a system of cheques and balances. While both the New Jersey and the Virginia Plan offered solutions to the jobs regulating the United States created by the Articles of Confederation, there were major differences between the two programs. The major differences debated at the Philadelphia Convention concerned the argument over what powers to give the new authorities, the creative activity of subsequent subdivisions, cheques and balances, and the rules of representation, singular of plural executive. After hours of deputations, it seemed as if neither Plan could be accepted by little provinces who did non desire proportional representation and those who feared a oppressive leader of there was a remarkable executive. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention disputed over the two proposals. After three yearss of deliberations, the New Jersey Plan was rejected due to the overwhelming demand to make an effectual national authorities. Despite the advantages of both programs, neither posed a solution to the frights of all the delegates accordingly the Virginia Plan was besides discarded. What they created alternatively was a package of via medias. The new Delegates compromised to procure the unity of the smaller provinces and release the frights of those who believed the cardinal authorities was excessively powerful. If I had been a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, I would hold opposed the thought of a plural executive and favored that of a remarkable executive. I would back up the to hold With an appropriate figure of advisers, the American people could be assured that an Executive leader could be relied on brand quality determinations to guarantee the success of the state. In add-on, a individual executive is more likely to be responsible for the determinations made and in consequence be more prudent in the procedure. It seems that an executive commission would make pandemonium in the executive subdivision by the manner of dissension on how to manage the personal businesss of the state. That sort of uncertainness would non guarantee the people that authorities was in good custodies. Alexander Hamilton asked, ? And what even is the Virginia Plan but democracy checked by democracy # 8230 ; ? ? The parts of the VA program that are? democracy checked by democracy? are the commissariats that provide for three separate subdivisions that can blackball the other and override determinations. This complicated system of cheques and balances is the footing of the authorities that the Constitution of the United States created. 368